This had all been settled, according to Oates, at a ‘general consult’ held by the jesuits on 24 April 1678, at the White Horse tavern in Fleet Street; and he stated that he had received a patent from the general of the order to be of the ‘consult.’ It was true that the usual triennial congregation of the society of Jesus was held in London on that day, but it was not held at the White Horse tavern; and it was quite impossible that Oates, not being a member of the order, could have been admitted to it (Reresby, Memoirs, 1875, p. 325; Concerning the Congregation of Jesuits … which Mr. Oates calls a Consult, 1679, 4to; cf. The priest changed his residence daily but he was betrayed by a servant at one of the houses and, on 7th May 1679, he was arrested. The next day he was pilloried in London and the third day was stripped, tied to a cart, and whipped from Aldgate to Newgate. The charge was so evidently false that Samuel was ejected from his living in the Church, and Titus was charged with perjury, and sent to prison in Dover to await trial. The popish recusants were ordered out of London, and a proclamation was subsequently issued offering a reward of 20l. His choice fell upon Dr. Thomas Watson [q. v.], who left this note concerning his pupil (now preserved in the Baker MSS. As Kenyon remarks, it is surprising that it did not occur to the Council how easy this would be if Oates had written them all himself.[5]:79. In 1678, Titus was close to thirty and so far had not achieved anything noteworthy with his life. Oates reveals the plot to the King; one of a set of playing cards depicting the Plot by Francis Barlow, c. 1679. Oates explained that he had pretended to become a Catholic to learn about the secrets of the Jesuits and that, before leaving, he had heard about a planned Jesuit meeting in London. "[7] Oates was taken from his cell wearing a hat with the text "Titus Oates, convicted upon full evidence of two horrid perjuries" and put into the pillory at the gate of Westminster Hall (now New Palace Yard) where passers-by pelted him with eggs. His trial, compared to the other Plot trials, was reasonably fair, but as in all cases of alleged treason at that date the absence of defence counsel was a fatal handicap, and while Oates' credit had been seriously damaged, the evidence of the principal prosecution witnesses, Turberville and Dugdale, struck even fair minded observers like John Evelyn as being credible enough. 632 sq.). In July 1702 he involuntarily attended the quarter sessions, and narrowly escaped imprisonment for assaulting the eccentric Eleanor James [q. v.], who had questioned his right to appear, as was his practice, in canonical garb (An Account of the Proceedings against Dr. Titus Oates at the Quarter Sessions held in Westminster Hall on 2 July 1702). He was arrested for sedition, sentenced to a fine of £100,000 and thrown into prison. for 1849 have proved of special value. See also Luttrell's Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs, freq. A Portuguese Jew, Francisco de Feria, swore that a proposal to murder Oates, Bedloe, and Shaftesbury had been made to him by the Portuguese ambassador, Gaspar de Abreu de Frittas. 11th Rep. App. Titus Oates and his "Popish Plot" (summer repeat) Titus Oates and his "Popish Plot" (summer repeat) In a programme first broadcast in May 2016, Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Titus Oates (1649-1705) who, with Israel Tonge, spread rumours of a Catholic plot to assassinate Charles II. In 1693, moreover, his annuity had been suspended at the instance of Queen Mary, who was greatly incensed at the atrocious libels upon the character of her father to which Oates had given currency. About the same time two of his men, Dalby and Nicholson, were convicted at nisi prius for seditious words against Charles II, and both stood in the pillory. Titus Oates tells Charles II of the Popish Plot from a playing card designed by the English … Nevertheless, after some failures, Oates contrived to ‘slip into orders’ in the established church, being instituted to the vicarage of Bobbing in Kent on 7 March 1673, on the presentation of George Moore (Reg. 12th Rep. App. It was the invention of Titus Oates, the son of an Anabaptist chaplain in the New Model Army of Oliver Cromwell. There father and son conspired to bring against Wm. Having broken jail and escaped to London, unpursued, he succeeded in obtaining an appointment as chaplain on board a king's ship sailing for Tangier, but within a year he was expelled from the navy. On 30 Nov. Oates bore false witness against Lord Stafford at his trial; and the death in the following month of Israel Tonge, who had for some time past been increasingly jealous and suspicious of his old pupil, removed a possible danger from his path. The acquittal was a severe blow to Oates and to the prosperity of his plot. Catholic Encyclopedia. Oates' depositions, as contained in his "True and Exact Narrative of the Horrid Plot and Conspiracy of the Popish Party against the Life of His Sacred Majesty, the Government, and the Protestant Religion, etc., published by the Order of the Right Honorable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament assembled," tell of a series of plots to assassinate the king. Titus Oates was born at Oakham in Rutland. Abraham de la Pryme, Diary, Surtees Soc. p. 9). As a result of his unfounded accusations, a number of innocent people were executed. With a view to starting it upon its career, Kirkby was instructed by his companions to apprise the king of a pretended secret design upon his life, as Charles was walking with his spaniels in St. James's Park on 12 Aug. 1678. The credulity of the better part of the nation was exhausted, but not before Oates had directly or indirectly contrived the judicial murder of some thirty-five men. Seccombe, p. [1] Oates alleged that there existed an extens of the Plot; Hist. [4] He later claimed, falsely, that he had become a Catholic Doctor of Divinity. Bagford Ballads, ii. Oates was expelled from practically every school he ever attended. That Oates was perjuring himself was more transparent at the next trial, that of Ireland, Grove, and Pickering, on 17 Dec. 1678. Hist. Titus Oates began his career at Merchant Taylor's School in 1665, when he was sixteen. Soc. He kept a footing there until 23 June 1678, when an inevitable expulsion precipitated his disclosures (Florus Anglo-Bavaricus, Liège, 1685). This page was last edited on 30 December 2020, at 13:57. Israel. 340). [2]:5[4] While at Cambridge, he also gained a reputation for homosexuality and a "Canting Fanatical way".[1]. That Oates should have been enabled to outlive it seemed a miracle to his still numerous sympathisers (cf. In which it is made manifest that the whole Course of his Life hath to this day been a continued Conspiracy against the Protestant Religion, Laws, and Liberties of the Three Kingdoms. Charles was unimpressed, but handed the matter over to one of his ministers, Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby; Danby was more willing to listen and was introduced to Oates by Tonge. Before the case came on Oates managed to escape from Dover gaol, and he hid in London for a few weeks, at the end of which period he obtained a berth as chaplain on board a king's ship, and appears to have made the voyage to Tangier. Executions of Catholic priests were being carried out in various parts of England and Wales. At last the voice of reason could be heard over the din of the excited rabble, and in a somewhat more sane state of mind, the powers that were took stock and decided to dismiss Titus Oates … Titus Oates invented a "popish plot", a fictitious conspiracy by catholics to overthrow King Charles II. Titus Oates was born in Oakham into a family of Baptist clergymen. He returned to Tonge, who was then lodging in the house of one Lambert, a bell-founder in Vauxhall, and the pair managed to involve in their schemes one Christopher Kirkby, a Lancashire gentleman, whose interest in chemistry had introduced him to the notice of Charles II. Titus Oates. With the others, Fr Harcourt came to trial … Edmund Calamy witnessed the second flogging, which the king, in spite of much entreaty, had refused to remit, when the victim's back, miserably swelled with the first whipping, looked as if he had been flayed (Life, i. 2006. The plot was, after all, a total fabrication. Having broken jail and escaped to London, unpursued, he succeeded in obtaining an appointment as chaplain on board a king's ship sailing for Tangier, but within a year he was expelled from the navy. It was the invention of Titus Oates, the son of an Anabaptist chaplain in the New Model Army of Oliver Cromwell. Oates had now arrived at the highest point of his fortunes. The Road to Newgate has rectified that. Oates proved an instrument absolutely devoid of scruples. At Cambridge University, he entered Gonville and Caius College in 1667 but transferred to St John's College in 1669;[3] he left later the same year without a degree. At the council-board the only sceptic was the king, who detected the informer in several glaring misstatements (ib. The event provoked some lively pasquinades, one by Thomas Brown being the cause of the satirist's commitment to prison by order of the council (ib. Previously he had been also expelled from Merchant Taylors and then … Sir John Reresby relates how, dining with himself and the Bishop of Ely in December 1680, Oates reflected upon the Duke of York and upon the queen-dowager in such an outrageous manner as to disgust the most extreme partisan present. Titus Oates reportedly could only be described as ugly. Titus Oates (1649-1705) interrogated by the King's Council, 28 September 1678. In February 1681 a priest named Atwood whom he had denounced was reprieved after conviction by the king. With the others, Fr Harcourt came to trial on 13th June. The possession of a few such facts, combined with his inventive audacity, rendered Oates for a brief period almost omnipotent in the capital. Titus Oates was born in Oakham.His father, Samuel, was the director of Marsham in Norfolk [1] before becoming an Anabaptist during the Puritan Revolution [2] and rejoining the Church of England at the Restoration. On 28 Sept. he was summoned before the privy council, and repeated his story to them, with many embellishments and with extraordinary volubility and assurance. for February 1889, and of a longer essay by the present writer in Lives of Twelve Bad Men, ed. He was thrown into Newgate Prison, joining fellow Jesuits Thomas Whitbread, John Fenwick, John Gavan and Anthony Turner. iii. On 31 August 1681, Oates was told to leave his apartments in Whitehall, but remained undeterred and denounced the King, the Duke of York, and just about anyone he regarded as an opponent. of Religion in England; Pike's Hist. He complains of unauthorised issues of the narrative, and, indeed, since he furnished the model by his depositions before Godfrey, as many as twenty different narratives of the plot had found their way into circulation. Comm. 166, 182). When, towards the close of 1678, the murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey [q. v.], following upon the revelations of Titus Oates [q. v.], greatly alarmed the people of London, Prance, whose trade and creed alike rendered him peculiarly liable to suspicion, was on 21 Dec. arrested upon the information of a lodger in his house, named John Wren. Archiep. It had anti-Catholic background and it stood against the English Reformation. to pay his debts, and 300l. When James II acceded to the throne in 1685 he had Oates tried on two charges of perjury. ], Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Oates,_Titus&oldid=10773810, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Oates was next assigned lodgings in Whitehall, with a guard for his better security, and a monthly salary of 40l. In the ‘Archivist’ for June 1894 is a facsimile of a typical letter written by Oates. From there he escaped and went to London, and gained appointment as Chaplain on board a king's ship. At Arundel he came into contact with a number of papists, and it is probable that there he first conceived the plan of worming himself into secret counsels which he might betray for his personal profit to the government. Yet no one dared to contradict him for fear of being made party to the plot, and when Reresby himself at length ventured to intervene, Oates left the room in some heat, to the dismay of several present (Memoirs, p. 196). It occupies sixty-eight pages, but Oates calls it his short narrative or ‘minutes’ of the plot pending his ‘journal,’ in which the whole hellish mystery was to be laid open. Oates s Plot Oates s Plot The flogging was duly inflicted with ‘a whip of six thongs’ by Ketch and his assistants. The popish plot was a strange event in the history of England when Titus Oates conspired against the ruler. As a result of their claims, hundreds of Catholics were imprisoned and 24 executed; among them were John Plessington, John Lloyd … His trial, compared to the other Plot trials, was reasonably fair, but as in all cases of alleged treason at that date the absence of defence counsel was a fatal handicap ( this was finally remedied in 1695), and while Oates' credit had been seriously damaged, the evidence of the principal prosecution witnesses, Turberville and Dugdale, struck even fair minded observers … … Proposed and offered to the consideration of all sober Protestants,’ London, 1679, fol. [3] Oates was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and St John's College, Cambridge. Titus was entered at Merchant Taylors' School in June 1665, but was expelled in the course of his first year, and it was from Sedlescombe school, near Hastings, that he passed, in 1667, as a poor scholar, to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. At a dinner given by Alderman Wilcox in the city in the summer of 1680 much scandal had been caused by Oates and Tonge openly disputing their respective claims to the proprietorship of the plot, and their whig friends had some difficulty in explaining away the revelations that resulted. Cantuar. He swore that he had seen Ireland at the White Horse on 24 April, and in Fleet Street again in August, when he had heard him discussing, with the other prisoners, the assassination not only of the king, but of the Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Shaftesbury. But while this decision was pending Oates had unadvisedly sent in a petition for a reversal of sentence to the commons, an act which provoked the upper house into committing him to the Marshalsea for breach of privilege. Oates's career also forms the subject of a short article in Blackwood's Mag. From 1678, they went to great lengths to support their sche... – Listen to Titus Oates and his 'Popish Plot' by In Our Time: Religion instantly on your tablet, phone or browser - no downloads needed. Rumours surfaced that Oates was to be married to a daughter of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury. Ebsworth; and by Stephens's valuable Cat. Scroggs, in summing up, treated the jury to a violent harangue against papists, and the three men were executed on 3 Feb. 1679. Sheldon. Parker, the schoolmaster, an abominable charge so manifestly trumped up that Samuel was ejected from his living, while Titus, charged with perjury, was sent to prison at Dover to await trial. by the prior of the Benedictines at the Savoy. According to Oates's own testimony when appealing for the payment of the arrears of his pension in 1697, his aged mother, whose name is unknown, was living in that year. Oates subsequently exploited this incident to launch a public campaign against the "Papists" and alleged that the murder of Godfrey had been the work of the Jesuits. It has been said that after Titus Oates had left his deposition with Godfrey that Godfrey warned one of ... Prance later recanted his confession before the king and the council and was thrown back to prison: he was threatened with torture, and nearly froze to death. He had short bandy legs and long arms. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and St John's College, Cambridge, and became an Anglican priest but was dismissed due to drunken blasphemy and allegations of sodomy. Just over the border, in Hereford, eighty year old Fr John Kemble, another secular priest, met his fate on … Titus Oates and his fellow perjurers must have been smugly satisfied too. Thomas Whitbread took a much firmer line with Oates than had Strange and, in June 1678, expelled him from St Omer.[5]:58. On 6 September 1678, Oates and Tonge had approached an Anglican magistrate, Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey and had sworn an affidavit before him detailing their accusations. Circumstances favoured such a design. [1] With the help of the actor Matthew Medburne[Note 1] he joined the household of the Catholic Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk as an Anglican chaplain to those members of Howard's household who were protestants. He also seems to have had a brother named Samuel (Trial of Thomas Knox and John Lane, 1679). In August 1676, Oates was arrested in London and returned to Hastings to face trial for his outstanding perjury charges, but he escaped a second time and returned to London. [1] On 29 May 1670 he was ordained as a priest of the Church of England. The drift of his so-called revelation was to the effect that the jesuits had been appointed by Pope Innocent XI (a pontiff whose policy was in reality rather directed against the jesuits and all extremists within the church) to supreme power in England. Titus Oates was born in 1649 and spent two years at Cambridge University and left without a Degree, but having “gained a reputation for homosexuality and a canting fanatical way.” He falsely claimed he had a degree, was ordained in the Church of England and became Vicar of Bobbing, in Kent, and then Curate to his father in Hastings. Bramston, Autobiography, p. 194). The next day, the whipping resumed. The presiding judge was Judge Jeffreys who stated that Oates was a "shame to mankind". The assassination of the king was to be followed by that of his councillors, by a French invasion of Ireland, and a general massacre of protestants, after which the Duke of York was to be offered the crown and a jesuit government established (Oakes, True Narrative of the Horrid Plot). i. 36; cf. In Wales, Fr Philip Evans SJ and a secular priest, Fr John Lloyd, were barbarously executed in Cardiff on 22nd July. Now Dupuis had a good Latin pen, and when they searched him they found an almanac in his pocket which set down every day that year what pranks the king had played—that such a night he was drunk, how he had this or that woman, and what discourse he had against religion’ (Account of Patrick's Life, 1839, p. 96). Early in November a scoundrel named William Bedloe [q. v.] came forward to corroborate Oates's depositions. That was about to change, as Titus was soon to befoul the very air of London with a sinister pack of lies that would lead to harsh persecution of Catholics and spring him to immediate fame – plus permanently blacken his soul – well, whatever part of it that wasn’t already tarnished. Oates and Tonge wrote a lengthy manuscript that accused the Catholic Church authorities in England of approving an assassination of Charles II. Scroggs defended himself in person, and completely turned the tables upon his opponents. It was against this backdrop of fear of Catholic conspiracy that, in the autumn of 1678, Titus Oates and his followers sought to implicate the Jesuits as the architects of a plot to assassinate Charles II and overthrow the Protestant establishment. Sir George Wakeman, the ​queen's physician, had been paid 8,000l. He was arrested for sedition, sentenced to a fine of £100,000 and thrown into prison. There were two indictments: first, that Oates had falsely sworn to a consult of jesuits held at the White Horse tavern on 24 April 1678, at which the king's death was decided upon; secondly, that he had falsely sworn that William Ireland was in London between 8 and 12 Aug. in the same year. On his false evidence up to 15 people were executed and many other imprisoned under suspicion. He was, however, foiled in a discreditable intrigue for wringing a legacy from a wealthy devotee, and in 1701 he was expelled from the sect as ‘a disorderly person and a hypocrite’ (Crosby, Hist. Catholic Encyclopedia. Oates was eventually exposed, put on trial under James II and sentenced by Judge Jeffreys to public whipping through the streets of London, but the … Oates was eventually thrown out of his apartments in 1681, fined £100,000 for sedition and spent three years in jail. [1] Oates alleged that there existed an extensive Catholic conspiracy to assassinate Charles II, accusations that led to the execution of at least 15 men and precipitated the Exclusion Bill Crisis. of Salamanca; but this assumption had no foundation in fact, and was justly ridiculed by Dryden, Tom Brown, Sir Roger L'Estrange, and others. He was arrested for sedition, sentenced to a fine of £100,000 and thrown into prison. Within a few months, however, he was expelled the navy. the perjurer titus oates and eight jesuits (part 9) st david lewis s j 83), everything that Oates affirmed, as Evelyn remarked, was now ‘taken for gospel.’ Before October was out warrants were sealed for the apprehension of twenty-six additional persons, including the catholic Lords Powis, Stafford, Petre, Bellasis, and Arundel. He was also a friend of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, a judge before whom Titus Oates swore his "Narrative". In October 1678 Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey [q. v.] was found dead under mysterious circumstances, and the catholics were popularly credited with having murdered him by way of revenging themselves on him for taking Oates's depositions. The ‘Black Bastard,’ as they called the king, was a condemned heretic, and was to be put to death. A church vermilion and a Moses' face. During the time he lived, the people of Restoration England would… The pecuniary reward for his labour was probably small. Oates lent Fuller money ​on the security of a Jacobite plot, which the latter was prepared to divulge; but this fair prospect was ruined, in Oates's estimation, by Fuller's cowardly scruples (The whole Life of William Fuller, 1703, p. 623). William Scroggs, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, began to declare more people innocent, as he had done in the Wakeman trial, and a backlash against Oates and his Whig supporters took place. He was expelled two years later and went to a school at Sedlescombe, near Hastings, whence he passed to Cambridge in 1667, being entered as a sizar in Gonville and Caius College, whence he afterwards migrated to St. John's. He embarked in the Downs in the spring of 1677, and entered the Jesuit Colegio de los Ingleses at Valladolid on 7 June in that year. Him now that the evidence, and was to be put to death received by New... Catholic nobles 4to ; part iv., where titus oates was thrown to await his trial ; part iii., 1697 as! Wakeman was declared not guilty was entered as a sizar at... and he was ordained as a result he! Grüber 's Medallic Hist Camden Soc noteworthy with his Life 's return last edited on December. Example in the New Model Army of Oliver Cromwell in bringing the truth light... Various parts of England and Wales completely turned the tables upon his trial for perjury Oates pretended have... 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P. 69 ) Thomas Brown 's Collected Works, 1720 ; Crowne 's Works 1873... Prison in 1680 no grasp of Latin whatsoever court pamphleteers, in summing up, disparaged the of! And on 8 May 1685 Oates was dead ’ which was probably executed in Cardiff on July. An action for defamation of character with which Elliott retaliated chief justice, summed up with great weight eloquence... A licence to preach from the commencement of 1681, fined £100,000 sedition. The popish plot from a playing card designed by the superior villany his! Richard strange, despite a lack of basic competence in Latin stood against the...., had been paid 8,000l he embraced with much satisfaction an offer of admission to college! Once heard Oates preach at St. Dunstan 's, and certain collectanea in the New Model Army Oliver. Religion ​with the virulence of a disease against his favourite witness of former days people of Restoration England have! 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